Question

how plants adapt themselves to avoid photo respiration?​

Answer 1

Answer:

C3 carbon fixing plants are adapted to environments where they are able to keep their stomata open long enough during the day so natural circulation of gases keeps concentrations of CO2 and O2 in the leaf at proportions where photorespiration is less compromising and productivity is sufficient.

Answer 2

In spatial C4 plants. The bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells, respectively, are divided into the light reaction and Calvin cycle. In the bundle sheath cells, Rubisco, which has a terrible propensity of fixing oxygen in low CO2 level settings, is given four carbon molecules called oxaloacetates that it can use to fix carbon into the Calvin cycle. In order to prevent photorespiration and water loss, CAM plants use the same C4 mechanism, but only in the mesophyll cells. They also use a night/day division process for carbon absorption and fixation.

More information:

• Stomata, or leaf underside apertures, are present in plants.
• The aperture can change in size due to the ability of the cells on either side of it to expand or contract.
• In general, plants prefer to absorb carbon dioxide through such openings, but when the weather is unfavorable (dry, windy, hot), they close the stomata to prevent excessive water loss and drying out.

Photosynthetic adaptations in plants:

• In other words, even when the stomata are closed, the mesophyll cells work to reduce photorespiration and provide a constant flow of carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle.
• CAM is yet another plant adaptation to reduce photorespiration (crassulacean acid metabolism).

By utilizing an additional enzyme termed PEP during the initial stage of carbon fixation, C4 plants, such as maize, sugarcane, and sorghum, avoid photorespiration. This process happens in the mesophyll cells, which are close to the stomata where oxygen and carbon dioxide enter the plant.

#SPJ2