how Rapid was the process of industrialisation in England in 19th century explain different phases of industrialisation for 5 marks
Answers
The most dynamic industries in Britain were cotton and metal. Cotton was the leading sector.
With the expansion of railways in England and its colonies, the demand for iron and steel increased rapidly.
The new industries could not easily displace traditional industries. Textiles was a dynamic sector, but a large portion of the output was produced outside factories, within domestic units.
The pace of change in the traditional industries was not set by steam powered cotton or metal industries. Ordinary and small innovations were the basis of growth in many non- mechanised sectors such as food processing, building, pottery, glass work, etc.
Technological changes occurred slowly. New technology was expensive and merchants and industrialists were cautious about using it. The machines often broke down and repair was costly. They were not as effective as their investors claimed.
The process of industrialization was not very rapid, it stretched over a century. The early industrial production for the international market was carried on from the house holds and there was no concept of factory production. The change came up slowly with the invention of several machines that increased the efficiency of the labourers. We notice that that thought the first cotton industry was set up in London in the 1730s, industrialization as a process took up pace from the late18th century. In this period, the merchants had had to bridge the gap between the cities an the countryside, new machines had to be produced, transportation system bettered. These processes took time to be completed and thus industrialization also took a century to actually to gain its pace. industrialisation does not just mean growthof factory industries.
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