How reliable is the theory of evolution in explaining the origins, mechanisms, and diversity of life?
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Answers
Evolution and diversity result from the interactions between organisms and their environments and the consequences of these interactions over long periods of time. Organisms continually adapt to their environments, and the diversity of environments that exists promotes a diversity of organisms adapted to them. In recent years, new techniques and approaches have opened exciting new avenues of investigation of the processes that generate evolution and diversity. As a result, greater opportunities exist now for advancing knowledge than during any period since the 1930s and 1940s, when evolutionary biology and genetics became united in what came to be called the modem synthesis of evolutionary biology.
Evolution and diversity result from the interactions between organisms and their environments and the consequences of these interactions over long periods of time. Organisms continually adapt to their environments, and the diversity of environments that exists promotes a diversity of organisms adapted to them. In recent years, new techniques and approaches have opened exciting new avenues of investigation of the processes that generate evolution and diversity. As a result, greater opportunities exist now for advancing knowledge than during any period since the 1930s and 1940s, when evolutionary biology and genetics became united in what came to be called the modem synthesis of evolutionary biology.The first synthetic organic insecticide to be adopted for practical use was DDT, which was introduced in 1941. DDT appeared to have many advantages because, in proper dose, it was toxic to insects but not to humans. As a consequence, DDT was quickly employed worldwide to control houseflies, mosquitoes, and a variety of other insect pests. After the initial success of DDT, many other exotic chemical compounds were introduced as insecticides. The introduction and widespread use of each of these was quickly followed by the evolution of resistance in large numbers of insect species. In fact, more than 200 species of insects had become resistant to DDT by 1976; some species have evolved multiple resistance to four or more groups of chemical insecticides.
Evolution and diversity result from the interactions between organisms and their environments and the consequences of these interactions over long periods of time. Organisms continually adapt to their environments, and the diversity of environments that exists promotes a diversity of organisms adapted to them. In recent years, new techniques and approaches have opened exciting new avenues of investigation of the processes that generate evolution and diversity. As a result, greater opportunities exist now for advancing knowledge than during any period since the 1930s and 1940s, when evolutionary biology and genetics became united in what came to be called the modem synthesis of evolutionary biology.The first synthetic organic insecticide to be adopted for practical use was DDT, which was introduced in 1941. DDT appeared to have many advantages because, in proper dose, it was toxic to insects but not to humans. As a consequence, DDT was quickly employed worldwide to control houseflies, mosquitoes, and a variety of other insect pests. After the initial success of DDT, many other exotic chemical compounds were introduced as insecticides. The introduction and widespread use of each of these was quickly followed by the evolution of resistance in large numbers of insect species. In fact, more than 200 species of insects had become resistant to DDT by 1976; some species have evolved multiple resistance to four or more groups of chemical insecticides.In many cases, the insecticide resistance results from the action of a single gene, although multiple other genetic changes that can modify the response to insecticides also occur. In the common housefly, resistance results from the presence of an enzyme called DDTase, the natural function of Which is unknown. Mutant forms of the enzyme convert DDT into the relatively harmless compound DDE. Resistance in the mosquito Aedes aegypyti is also associated with a DDTase enzyme, but not the one found in the housefly.