How Reproduction Can Be Controlled??????
And How It Is Done???
Answers
REPRODUCTION OHHO.
HOW IT CAN CONTROL
CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION ENABLES THE PRODUCTION OF JUVENILES OF THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY REQUIRED EFFICIENCY THAT CAN FORM AN ESSENTIAL PART IN MAINTAINING AND IMPROVING A ABILITY OF BUSINESS TO COMPLETE.
CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION INVOLVES THE GONADAL STEROIDS GONADOTROPINS AND OTHER INFLUENTIAL SUBSTANCES...
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Answer:
Abstract
The control of reproduction involves a complex network of factors in the brain-pituitary-gonads axis (BPG) of fish. The hormones and corresponding receptors involved, display daily and annual variations allowing reproduction events to occur at the right time. The two main external synchronizers in the system are photoperiod and temperature. They act via the retina and the pineal gland, which send neuronal photoperiodic information to the brain centers controlling reproduction. The pineal also provides daily and seasonal hormonal information via melatonin, which acts at all levels of the network. Melatonin is one main coordinator of the BPG rhythmic activity.
The control of reproduction in farm animals may involve practices that are painful to the animals. In general, pain caused by reproductive technologies and inducing tissue damages can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute pain is associate with the initial tissue damage, whereas chronic pain is related to the healing process and, albeit less intense, can take several days before attenuation. Both acute and chronic pain are associated with physiological (e.g., cortisol and other stress-related hormones, heart rate, blood pressure) and behavioral alterations (the most obvious include the restlessness observed when the reproductive technology is initially imposed to the animals, and the subsequent increased levels of vocalization while painful procedures are applied). Although the level of pain is often inferred from the degree of behavioral alterations, it should be noted that farm animals are prey and, particularly those living in extensive conditions, may hide their pain to reduce the risk of being localized by predators [14]. The two main methods available for pain reduction in treated animals are the use of less painful reproductive technologies, when available, and the administration of painkillers such as anesthetic and analgesic medications.