Question

how root of plants are adopted for absorption of water and minerals

Answer 1

Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. Root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area to speed up osmosis. The absorbed water is transported through the roots to the rest of the plant where it is used for different purposes: ... It transports dissolved minerals around the plant.

Answer 2

$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Absorption\: of \: water \: and \: minerals:-}}}}$

The water and minerals are absorbed by land plants from the soil where it is present in the form of soil solution. The main water absorbing organs are root hairs and mineral absorbing organs are root epidermal cells at root apex. The water is absorbed actively by water potential difference between soil solution and root hairs. Water molecules move from higher water potential to lower water potential and then migrate from cell to cell passing from epidermis to cortex, from cortex to endodermis and from endodermis to xylem vessels and tracheids. This is called lateral transport.

The mineral salts move from higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure along the concentration gradient by passive absorption or against the concentration gradient by active absorption. Finally, the water and minerals reach the vessels and tracheids of xylem from where they move upward by the process called ascent of sap .

$\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{Thanks}}}}$