Question

How should Ides of Indians became non cooperation movement?​

Answer 1

The Non-cooperation movement was launched on 5th September, 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi with the aim of self-governance and obtaining full independence as the Indian National Congress (INC) withdraw its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of 20 March 1919, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919.

Gandhi's planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and economy in India",[4] including British industries and educational institutions.[4] In addition to promoting “self-reliance” by spinning khadi, buying Indian-made goods only and doing away with English clothes, Gandhi ‘s non-cooperation movement called for the restoration of the Khilafat in Turkey and the end to untouchability. The resulting public held meetings and strikes (hartals) led to the first arrests of both Jawaharlal Nehru and his father, Motilal Nehru, on 6 December 1921.

Answer 2

a. Non-cooperation against the colonial policies was

issue-specific and the movements also used to be

issue-specific that seek to achieve the objectives

within a certain time period.

b. Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-violent Civil

Disobedient Movement against the Rowlatt Act

because the violence was spreading all over. Now

he wanted to launch a much wider movement in

India by joining the Hindus and the Muslims of

the country. That’s why he took up the Khilafat

issue.

c. In the year 1909 Mahatma Gandhi wrote a book

named Hind Swaraj in which he wrote that the

British survived in India only because of the

cooperation of the Indians, otherwise they would

have collapsed within a year.

d. Gandhiji planned to unfold the movement in

stages. In the first stage the people surrendered

the titles, boycotted civil services, army, police,

schools, foreign goods, courts and legislative

councils. The full Civil Disobedience Campaign

was planned for the second phase if the government

tried to repress the first phase. Many within the

Congress were reluctant to boycott the council

election which was scheduled for November 1920.

Finally in December 1920, a compromise was

made to adopt the non-cooperation.

e. In January 1921, the Non-Cooperation Khilafat

Movement was started in which different social

groups participated with different aspirations

from the Swaraj. This movement was started

with the middle class people of the towns and

cities. The students left the schools and colleges,

the teachers and headmasters resigned and the

lawyers gave up their practices.

f. The council elections were also boycotted except

in Madras. The Justice Party which was a party of

the non-Brahmins in Madras felt that power can

be acquired only through the council elections.