How shri Lanka affected by civil war give 3 reason ?
Answers
Mate.....
1)The ethnic conflicts between the majority Buddhist Sinhalese and minority Tamils.
2)The Government of Srilanka passed 'Only Sinhala Act' in 1956 which recognize Sinhala-the language of majority Sinhala community as the only official language which enraged Tamils.
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Answer:
The Sri Lankan Civil War (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකාවේ සිවිල් යුද්ධය; Tamil: ஈழப் போர்) was a civil war fought in the island country of Sri Lanka from 1983 to 2009. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 26-year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end.[1]
Sri Lankan Civil War
ශ්රී ලාංකික සිවිල් යුද්ධය
இலங்கை உள்நாட்டுப் போர்
Location Tamil Eelam territorial claim.png
The area of Sri Lanka claimed by the LTTE as Tamil Eelam, where the vast majority of the fighting took place
Date 23 July 1983 – 18 May 2009[1]
(25 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Location
Sri Lanka
Result
Sri Lankan government victory
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam militarily defeated
Sri Lankan government reestablishes control over entire island
Territorial
changes Government regains total control of former LTTE-controlled areas in the North and East of the country.
Belligerents
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
India Indian Peace Keeping Force (1987–1990)
Tamil Tigers
Commanders and leaders
Sri Lanka J. R. Jayawardene (1983–1989)
Sri Lanka Ranasinghe Premadasa † (1989–1993)
Sri Lanka D. B. Wijetunga (1993–1994)
Sri Lanka Chandrika Kumaratunga (1994–2005)
Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005–2009)
India R. Venkataraman (1987–1989)
India Rajiv Gandhi † (1987–1989)
V. Prabhakaran †
Balraj
Karuna Amman (1983–2004)
KP
Mahattaya Executed
Pottu Amman
Shankar †
Soosai †
Strength
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Armed Forces:
95,000 (2001)
118,000 (2002)
158,000 (2003)
151,000 (2004)
111,000 (2005)
150,900 (2006)[2]
210,000 (2008)[3]
India Indian Peace Keeping Force:
100,000 (peak)
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
(excluding Auxiliary forces):
6,000 (2001)
7,000 (2003)
18,000 (2004)[2][4]
11,000 (2005)
8,000 (2006)
7,000 (2007)[2][5]
(including Auxiliary forces):
25,000 (2006)
30,000 (2008)[6]
Casualties and losses
Sri Lanka 28,708 killed 40,107 wounded [7]
India 1,200 killed
(Indian Peace Keeping Force)[8]
27,000+ killed[9][10][11]
11,644 captured[12]
80,000-100,000 killed overall (estimate)[13]
800,000 displaced at peak in 2001[14]
16 May 2009: Sri Lankan Government declared a military defeat of LTTE.[15]
17 May 2009: LTTE admit defeat by Sri Lankan Government.[16]
19 May 2009: President Mahinda Rajapaksa officially declares end of civil war in parliament.
For over 25 years, the war caused significant hardships for the population, environment and the economy of the country, with an initial estimated 80,000–100,000 people killed during its course.[13] In 2013, the UN panel estimated additional deaths during the last phase of the war: "Around 40,000 died while other independent reports estimated the number of civilians dead to exceed 100,000."[17] During the early part of the conflict, the Sri Lankan forces attempted to retake the areas captured by the LTTE. The tactics employed by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam against the actions of Government forces resulted in their listing as a terrorist organisation in 32 countries, including the United States, India, Canada and the member nations of the European Union.[18] The Sri Lankan government forces have also been accused of human rights abuses, systematic impunity for serious human rights violations, lack of respect for habeas corpus in arbitrary detentions, and forced disappearances.[19]
After two decades of fighting and four failed tries at peace talks, including the unsuccessful deployment of the Indian Army, the Indian Peace Keeping Force from 1987 to 1990, a lasting negotiated settlement to the conflict appeared possible when a cease-fire was declared in December 2001, and a ceasefire agreement signed with international mediation in 2002.[20] However, limited hostilities renewed in late 2005 and the conflict began to escalate until the government launched a number of major military offensives against the LTTE beginning in July 2006, driving the LTTE out of the entire Eastern province of the island. The LTTE then declared they would "resume their freedom struggle to achieve statehood".[21][22]
In 2007, the government shifted its offensive to the north of the country, and formally announced its withdrawal from the ceasefire agreement on 2 January 2008, alleging that the LTTE violated the agreement over 10,000 times.[23] Since then, aided by the destruction of a number of large arms smuggling vessels that belonged to the LTTE,[24] and an international crackdown on the funding for the Tamil Tigers, the government took control of the entire area previously controlled by the Tamil Tigers, including their de facto capital Kilinochchi, main military base Mullaitivu and the entire A9 highway,[25]