How stem is modified?Give it special functions?
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Modified stems that grow horizontally underground are either rhizomes, from which vertical shoots grow, or fleshier, food-storing corms.
New plants can arise from the nodes of stolons and runners (an aboveground stolon): stems that run parallel to the ground, or just below the surface.
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- Cladodes or cladophylls-are flat, leaflike stems modified for photosynthesis. Succulent stems-of plants have a low surface to volume ration and store large amounts of water and are common in desert plants. Thorns-are modified stems that protect plants from grazing animals. Spines are modified leaves.
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