Question

How the indicators indicates the nature of a solution

Answer 1

Acid - Base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change colour with pH. They are usually weak acids or bases, which when dissolved in water dissociate slightly and form ions.
At a low pH, a weak acid indicator is almost entirely in the HIn form, the colour of which predominates. As the pH increases - the intensity of the colour of HIn decreases and the equilibrium is pushed to the right. Therefore the intensity of the colour of In- increases. An indicator is most effective if the colour change is distinct and over a low pH range. For most indicators the range is within ±1 of the pKln value: - please see the table below for examples, to the right is a model of the acid form of each indicator - with the colour of the solution at the turning point.

A Universal Indicator is a mixture of indicators which give a gradual change in colour over a wide pH range - the pH of a solution can be approximately identified when a few drops of universal indicator are mixed with the solution.

Indicators are used in titration solutions to signal the completion of the acid-base reaction.

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