How the term industrial revolution has been challenged? Explain with example.
➺ History
➺ 10 Marks question
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Answer :-
The term Industrial Revolution has been challenged in the following ways :-
✒ Boycott of Manufactured Goods :: As we know that Industrial Revolution caused large scale unemployment among the workers, many workers started opposing the machine made goods thinking that this would stop Industrial production and they will get their jobs back.
✒ Demand of Increase in Wage :: There were wide spread distrusts among workers and employers. Due to industrialisation, the goods were sold cheaply. This decreased the wages of workers since most work was done by machines only. In order to make their wage get increased, workers started protests, rallies, etc.
✒ Loss of supplies and raw materials :: Industrial Production required lot of raw materials to manufacture goods. Due to loss of jobs workers targeted the raw material's suppliers for not to provide goods to Industrialists.
✒ Large - Scale Unemployment :: Industrial revolution was not a revolution as such. It was just advancement of existing technologies. Since now machines took place of humans in industries, there was widespread unemployment which aroused in Nineteenth Century. There was a greater concentration of workers in industries earlier but all were thrown out of jobs.
✒ Popularisation of Hand - Made Goods :: Due to Industrial Revolution, the worst hit were the Handicraft workers, small cottage industries, etc. Their good though was of good quality but was costly against the machine made goods. This decreased their demand. Thus they started popularising their products door-to-door and even decreased rates. Thus they started giving tough competition to Industrial Goods in Late Nineteenth Century.
✒ Napoleonic and French Wars :: During the Late 18th century that is 1793, European Countries saw vast devastating Napoleonic and French Wars. Due to this the coalition of different groups of European Nation was disrupted. This eventually led in decrease of supply of raw materials, investments, assets, etc. Productive Investments mostly decreased during this time due to long waging of wars.
✒ Lack of Liberalisation :: During the Early 18th Century, many countries with high population had Close Liberalisation Policy and we already know that due to Industrialisation there was mass production. This led to accumulation of goods in the country due to lack of transport of goods to different countries and eventually situation of glut in markets.
✒ Loss of Trade Economy :: Many countries imposes huge import duties for many industrialisation countries to protect their economy. Industrialists spent huge amount of money just to simply make their goods gets exported to different regions. Thus in order to save this amount many industrialists stopped export to different countries. This led to trade deficits and failure in paying remittances in different countries.
✒ Great Depression :: During 1930s, when Great Depression started the Production and Consumption of goods declined. There was a situation ot glut in the market. People couldn't afford to buy the goods. This ruined many industries and economy of the countries declined. Investments were took aback.
✒ World Wars :: We already know that during world wars, the wars were fought in industrial towns also along with frontlines. This led to devastation of many industrial towns. The economy collapsed. Unemployment began. Shares ruined and production declined.
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★ More to know :-
~ Over View - Industrialisation is the process in which an economy is transformed from agriculture to manufacturing goods. During the late 1700s to early 1800s, Great Britain began with Industrial Revolution which spread throughout the world. The period mainly refers to the mechanisation of agriculture and textile manufacturing. It also includes building up of steam ships and rail roads.
~ Proto - Industrialisation - It was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded, and created conditions for the establishment of fully industrialised societies.
~ Orient - The countries of the East of the Mediterranean, mainly referring to Asia. The term originated from the Western view point that saw this region as pre - modern, mysterious as well as traditional.