Question

How to calculate

1. Normality

2. Formality

3. Gram equivalent mass

4. Equivalent mass

5. N-factor

Explain properly!!

Thanks :-)​

Answer 1

Answer: Hey !!!

Here is ur ans

Explanation

Normality I have explained below

Grm equivalent is just the mass of solute \eq mass of solute

Equivalent mass is the molar mass \n factor

N factor is a variable term and is different for different acids bases and salts etc

Hope it has helps

I tried my best.....

Answer 2

Explanation:

Explanation:

4. Eqivalent Mass : It is the number of parts of the that combine with 1 part of hydrogen or 8 part of oxygen or 35.5 part of chlorine is callend eqivalent mass (EM)

where as, qunatity of a substance in grams is numerically equal to its equivalent mass (EM)  is called gram equivalent mass (GEM) or gram equivalent.

Number of GEM = Mass of sustance in grams/ GEM of substance

IMPORTANT EXPRESSION FOR EQUIVALENT MASS

a) EM of an element =  Atomic mass / valency

b) EM of Acid = Molecular mass / Basicity

c) EM of base =  Molecular mass /  Base

d) EM of salt =  Formula mass / total +ve or -ve charge

e) EM of Oxidising agent = Formula mass / No. of e⁻  gained per molecule or tatal charge on oxidising agent

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1. Normality (N) : Number of equivalent present in solution

N = No. of equivalent of soulte / volume of solution(in liter)

$\frac{w * 1000}{eq. mass * V}$

2. Formality (F) ; Formality is same as Normality but it is used for ionic compounds

it is defined as no. of gram formula masses of the solute dissolved per liter of solution.

F = gram formula weight of solute/ volume of solution (in liter)

#SOME IMORTANT RELATION BETWEEN DIFFRENT CONCETRATIONS TERMS

a) Realtionship between molality(m) and mole fraction(X₂)

$x = \frac{mM1}{1 + mM1}$

where, M1 = molecular mass of solvent

b) Realtionship between molarity(M) and mole fraction(X₂)

$x = \frac{MM1}{M(M1 - M2) + d}$

M1= mass of solvent

M2= mass of solute

M = molarity of sol.

d = density

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[ Relationship is more important then direct formula, most of the time only molarity or molality is given in a place of each values]

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5. N- factor;  n facor = basicity (for acids)

It is no. of replacebale H+ per molecule.

If i say you in eassy way it is just Ph value for a stronger Acid

stronger the acid → more no. of H+ ions dissociate → and it's value come close to one.

As we know chemistry always contains Exception

As you have to know some basic chemistry to find n - factor, like wheter the acid is placed in H₂O it all H+ dissociated or some what.

like : H₃BO₃ only 1 H+ is dissociated ( for this you have to know structure and mechanism of reactiom) so it's n factor is 1

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I know It's not enogh, can't provide full information due to lack of space

As, Their are many other methods to find EM like Hydrogen displacemt, oxide formation, cholrine formation, Neutrilisation mrthod etc. It's better if you seacrh it on internet or in some books

Also, ther are some more relationhips (Not much important)

Keep studying

Keep Rcking!

__________________

Amrit