how to calculate dividen in economics
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Explanation:
Most often, the payout ratio is calculated based on dividends per share and earnings per share: Payout ratio = dividends per share/earnings per share × 100. A payout ratio greater than 100 means the company is paying out more in dividends for the year than it earned. Dividends are paid in cash.
Answer:
How to Calculate Dividend Yield
To calculate the most common form of dividend yield, you take the per share cash dividend—keeping with our McDonald's example, it would have been $3.24—and divide it into the market price of the stock. When this article originally went to digital press, shares of the Big Mac empire closed at $94.07. Thus, to calculate the dividend yield we would take:
Cash Dividend ÷ Stock Price = Dividend Yield
So in this case, it would be:
$3.24 ÷ $94.07 = 0.0344 or 3.44%
This tells you that if you put $10,000 into McDonald's shares, you'd expect to collect $344 in dividends per year at the 2015 rate. If you put $1 million in McDonald's, you would expect to collect $34,400 in dividend income per year at the current rate. The 10-year Treasury bond yield, in contrast, was providing a return of 2.78% at the same time.
Dividend Yield on Market vs. Dividend Yield on Cost
The current dividend yield is only half the story. Unlike bond yields, which are based on a fixed rate of interest paid for the life of the bond, dividends for most successful companies increase over time.
Let's continue using McDonald's as an illustrative case study. Take a look at the dividend it distributed to shareholders between 2007 and 2012.
Note: If you come across this article at some point in the future, don't worry because there is no need to update the figures as the basic concept behind dividend yield remains the same no matter the year and no matter the specific dividend amounts you uncover in your investment research process:
2007 = $1.50 dividend
2008 = $1.63 dividend
2009 = $2.05 dividend
2010 = $2.26 dividend
2011 = $2.53 dividend
2012 = $2.87 dividend
If you bought McDonald's stock back in 2007, you'd see your dividends increase each and every year. You're collecting far more than you originally anticipated based on the dividend yield on the purchase date. In fact, during that year, the stock averaged almost exactly $53 per share, so imagine you bought a single share.
On the day you paid for your stock, you were collecting $1.50 in dividends on a $53 stock, which is a dividend yield of 2.83%. Over the past 12 months, you've collected a dividend of $3.24.
Comparing that $3.24 to the purchase price instead of the market price, you can calculate something known as "dividend yield on cost". This calculation shows the dividend yield for the original amount of investment. In this case, you're actually earning the equivalent of 6.11% per year on your original investment. This can serve as a major driver of change in the stock price.
Dividend Aristocrats
The truly elite dividend payers on Wall Street, those businesses that have raised their dividend payouts to owners each year, without fail, for 25 years or longer, earn a title "Dividend Aristocrat". The first list of aristocrats was published in 1989 with a total of 26 companies. Since then, that list has grown, with the current list boasting more than 50 different companies including Chevron, Johnson & Johnson, Kimberly-Clark, Coca-Cola, Procter & Gamble, AT&T, Target, and Walmart.
McDonald's has expressed a commitment to raising its dividend so much, in fact, that 2019 is the 43rd year in a row that it has sent bigger checks to its stockholders. That puts it in a league of its own among other blue chips on Wall Street. Only a handful of other firms can boast such a sterling achievement. When revisited on Dec. 8, 2019, McDonald's had continued its record practice of raising its dividend each year:
2013 = $3.12
2014 = $3.28
2015 = $3.44
2016 = $3.61
2017 = $3.83
2018 = $4.19
That means our original hypothetical investor who bought the stock at $53 per share back in 2007 has now collected a cumulative $34.31. That means they collected 64.9% of the original cash outlay for their ownership stake in McDonald's back in the form of dividends.
Imagine McDonald's declared bankruptcy—an almost unthinkable possibility given its financial strength and wide geographic diversification, but one that could happen in a remote-probability scenario—and the stock went to $0.
In this case, our investor has that $34.31 in cash they collected from the dividends. Though still very real, this means the loss itself wouldn't have been nearly as painful. In actuality, the stock price is now $174.03 per share as the market has adjusted to reflect the increased underlying profitability that has occurred during this span of time.
This means our investor would enjoy not only $34.31 in cash dividends but $121.03 in unrealized capital gains for a total profit of $155.34 on each $53 invested.
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Explanation: