how to calculate ppm and ppb with formula
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ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴘᴘᴍ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴘʙ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟʟʏ ғʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴇxᴘʀᴇssᴇᴅ ᴀs ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀs, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ "ᴍɪʟʟɪᴏɴ" ᴀɴᴅ "ʙɪʟʟɪᴏɴ" ɢᴏ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇɴᴏᴍɪɴᴀᴛᴏʀ, sᴏ ᴘᴘᴍ ɴᴇᴇᴅs ᴛᴏ ʀᴇɢɪsᴛᴇʀ ɪɴ ʏᴏᴜʀ ᴍɪɴᴅ ᴀs ʙᴇɪɴɢ ᴀ ᴛʜᴏᴜsᴀɴᴅ ᴛɪᴍᴇs ɢʀᴇᴀᴛᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴘᴘʙ (ʀᴇɢᴀʀᴅʟᴇss ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ᴜɴɪᴛs ᴜsᴇᴅ). sɪᴍᴘʟʏ, ᴘᴘᴍ = ᴘᴘʙ/1,000, ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴘʙ = (1,000)ᴘᴘᴍ
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Because ppm and ppb are actually fractions when expressed as numbers, and the "million" and "billion" go in the denominator, so ppm needs to register in your mind as being a thousand times greater in concentration than ppb (regardless of the specific units used). Simply, ppm = ppb/1,000, and ppb = (1,000)ppm.
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