how to calculate the ionisation energy of an atom in Formula
Answers
Step 1: Convert pH to [H+]
pH is defined as -log [H+], where [H+] is the concentration of protons in solution in moles per liter, i.e., its molarity.
If, for example, you have a 0.1 M solution of formic acid with a pH of 2.5, you can substitute this value into the pH equation:
2.5 = -log [H+]
[H+] = 1 ÷ 102.5 = 0.00316 M = 3.16 × 10-3 mol/L = 3.16 mmol/L
Step 2: Determine [HA]
For stronger acids, you will need the Ka of the acid to solve the equation:
Ka = [H+][A-] ÷ ([HA] - [H+])
As noted, you can look up the Ka values of a number of common acids in lieu of calculating them explicitly yourself.
But for weak acids, which are present a majority of these problems, [H+] = [A-], and ([HA] - [H+]) is very close to [HA]. Therefore, you simply use the molarity of the solution provided for [HA], which in this case is 0.10.
Step 3: Calculate the Percent Ionization
This is [H+]/[HA] × 100, or for this formic acid solution,
(0.00316 ÷ 0.10) × 100
= 3.16 %
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Answer:
Use the Rydberg Equation ΔEi = A(1n2f−1n2i) where A=2.18×10−18Joules ; nf=∞ ; ni=starting energy level.
Explanation:
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