how to calculate the value of the gravitational constant
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The gravitational constant (also known as the "universal gravitational constant", the "Newtonian constant of gravitation", or the "Cavendish gravitational constant"[1]), denoted by the letter G, is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational forcebetween two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum tensor.
The measured value of the constant is known with some certainty to four significant digits. In SI units its value is approximately6.674×10−11 N·kg–2·m2.
The modern notation of Newton's law involving G was introduced in the 1890s by C. V. Boys. The first implicit measurement with an accuracy within about 1% is attributed toHenry Cavendish in a 1798 experiment.[2]
In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational forcebetween two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum tensor.
The measured value of the constant is known with some certainty to four significant digits. In SI units its value is approximately6.674×10−11 N·kg–2·m2.
The modern notation of Newton's law involving G was introduced in the 1890s by C. V. Boys. The first implicit measurement with an accuracy within about 1% is attributed toHenry Cavendish in a 1798 experiment.[2]
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