How to calculate the velocity of an electron?
Answers
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The answer depends on the situation
(1): In metallic conductor we have free electron ‘gas’ and we can regard that gas approximately as ideal gas. Then, we can use kinetic theory of gas. This theory relates kinetic energy per particle with temperature by the formula (1/2)mv^2=(3/2)kT, where k is Boltzmann constant.
(2): In a conductor we define drift velocity also. We know that when voltage is applied between two ends of a wire,an electric field E=V/l is established in the wire . Now, electron has acceleration=Ee/m. Also, during their motion electrons collied with the ions at the lattice sites or are scattered by the ions in the continuously varying fields of vibrating ions.If T(av)is average time period between two consecutive collisions with ions, the velocity that electron acquires while going from one ion to another ion for the next collision is termed as drift velocity and is given by v(d)=(Ee/m)T((av).Finally,the current density is given by J(vector)=nev(d)(vector). From current density we can find drift velocity .
(3): When electron is accelerated in potential difference V, it’s kinetic energy becomes (1/2)mv^2=eV. Here and also in above collision discussion we have taken initial velocity zero.(4): In Bohr model ,we can write 2pir(n)=nh/mv. Now, radius of nth orbit r(n)=(n^2h^2.epsilon zero)/(pi.Ze^2.m). Combining these two formulae we can find electron velocity in hydrogen atom according to Bohr’s model.
how to How to calculate rps of an electron when its velocity is given?
Angle covered when completing 1 orbit = 2π
Angle covered when completing n orbits = n . 2π
Velocity = [Distance (or) Angle covered]/ Time Taken.
= n.2π / 60 sec
Here n is number of rotations.
Rotations per Min = n/1
Rotations per sec = n/60
Therefore , velocity = RPS × 2π.
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