Question

how to convert aniline to p-nitroaniline

Answer 1

Aniline when treated with acetoacetate will produce Nacetyl aniline. This if treated with H2SO4/HNO2/CH3COOH will produce paranito nacetyl aniline, which on hydrolysis will give para nito aniline. a bit of ortho form will also form but it will be very little and can be easily separated by distillation.
hope it will help you

Answer 2

Hydrolysis & Distillation have been Employed

Explanation:

• Aniline when treated with aceto-acetate will produce N-acetyl aniline.

• This if treated with$H_2SO_4/HNO_2/CH_3COOH$ will produce paranitro n-acetyl aniline, which on hydrolysis will give para nitro aniline.
• A bit of ortho form will also form but it will be very little and can be easily separated by distillation.

Hydrolysis is nothing but the damage done to chemical bonds with the help of water molecule.