Question

how to convert ethanoic acid to 2-chloroethanoic acid ?

Answer 1

just add Cl2 in presence of light with ethanoic acid and youll get
chloroethanoic acid

Answer 2

Answer: The conversion is given below.

Explanation:

When a ethanoid acid which has $\alpha$- hydrogen atoms reacts with a halogen in the presence of red phosphorous, it results in the chlorination of  $\alpha$- carbon and leads to the formation of 2-chloroethanoic acid.

This reaction is a very well known reaction named as Hell-Vohlard Zelinsky.

The equation for the reaction is given below in the image.