how to detect the presence of charge and nature of charge of an Object?
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Answer:
Suppose there are two spherical bodies.
How would you test the charges on spheres A and B? You could bring each sphere close to a suspended charged rod and see if the rod is repelled. If the sphere repels a negatively charged rod, it must be negatively charged. And if it repels a positively charged rod, it must be positively charged.
Blow up two balloons and tie strings to them. Stroke the balloons gently with wool. This will charge the balloons. Now hold the strings together. Since the balloons carry a similar charge, they will repel each other and move apart. Repeat the experiment, but this time, rubs the balloons vigorously with wool. This will give them a greater charge, and they will fly farther apart than earlier.
Balloons with a similar charge repel each other
The force with which two similar charges repel each other (or two dissimilar charges attract each other) depends on the amount of charge they carry. Naturally, then, the greater the charge on the balloons, the farther apart do they move. In other words, the extent to which the balloons fly apart gives us an idea of the magnitude of the charge on them.