how to differentiate air bubbles from microorganisms under the microscope
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The air bubbles possess a different refractive index than the surrounding medium (water). This makes the bubbles appear to have a thick dark border. The shape of the bubble focuses the light in such a way that the center of the bubble appears bright.
Viewing bacteria under a microscope is much the same as looking at anything under a microscope. Prepare the sample of bacteria on a slide and place under the microscope on the stage. Adjust the focus then change the objective lens until the bacteria come into the field of view.
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