Question

how to do RUTHERFORD alpha rays scattering experiment

Answer 1

Hello Mate!

Steps to do Rutherford alpha rays experiment :-

Aim : To do Rutherford alpha rays experiment

Procedure : 1. Take a discharge tube and locate cathode plate at one end and anode at other end.

2. Connect them in a circuit.

3. Then arrange a thin gold foil with alpha particles embedded on it in the centre of discharge tube and let the cathode rays pass through it.

Observation : According to JJ Thomsan theory the positive charged particles are in sphere with electrons embedded on it. So according to his theory all the cathode rays must pass through gold foil due to this large gapping within atom.

But some thing inverse took place there. Most of the cathode rays passed easily through gold foil as expected but some of them deflected at some angle while some at 90°. Out every 10,000 alpha particle, one particle rebounded i.e, came back at angle of 180°.

Conclusion : This proved Thomsan theory wrong. Rutherford concluded that :-

1. Since alpha rays were positively charged these particles were getting reflected after coming near to center then this concluded that positive particle were concentrated in center of atom unlike Thomsan.

2. The mass of atom is concentrated in center and not uniformly distributed. Also the electrons were moving on a circular path around proton ( positively charged particles ) cutting each other way at some point.

Thanks!!!

Have great future ahead!

Answer 2

here is your answer ☺☺☺☺☺☺☺


The major features of the Rutherford atomic model are as follows.
1 All protons are present inside the nucleus, which is situated at the centre of the atom.
2. Electrons reside outside the nucleus and revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits.
3. The size of the nucleus is very small in comparison to the size of an atom. As per Rutherford’s calculations, the size of the nucleus is 105 times smaller than an atom.
4. As the mass of the electron is negligible in comparison to the mass of the proton, almost all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.



some points other.......


Gold was used by Rutherford in the alpha particle experiment as it is highly malleable. As the alpha particles are heavy, therefore their penetrating power is less. Hence to observe the results of the experiment a very thin sheet of metal was required and gold was chosen because it can be hammered into very thin sheets, and would therefore give the best results.


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