how to do separate the mixture of methyl alcohol and acetyl
Answers
Explanation:
How do you separate a mixture of methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol?
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CAUTION: Separating methanol from ethanol to render the ethanol safe to drink is both illegal and dangerous. Ethanol and methanol form an azeotropic mixture and they cannot be separated by using a simple pot still.
To safely separate ethanol and methanol require special equipment and good knowledge of unit operations in chemical engineering. It is possible, but NOT suggested unless you are a chemist or a chemical engineer. It is suggestable you read the McCabe-Smith-Harriott book “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering” and read it well. See
The methanol-ethanol azeotrope contains some 91% of ethanol and 9% methanol according to this scheme . The molar fraction is 80% ethanol to 20% methanol.
People are known to try it despite warnings. This is the reason why denatured ethanol is rendered undrinkable in the European Union not by adding methanol or other poison in it, but adding emetics (vomit-inducing agents) and antabus on it, making it nauseating but not toxic. You are likely to get the hangover of your life and your mouth to taste like feline excrement for drinking denatured alcohol in Europe, but not get killed, blinded or damage your internal organs.
The easy way:
Distil the mixture as three-component distillation (methanol-ethanol-water) using demethylizer column. This system is based on the fact that ethanol forms azeotropic solution with water (spiritus fortis) but methanol doesn’t - water-methanol mixture is zeotropic (they boil as two components and are fully separable). The trick is to separate ethanol with aid of water.
A demethylizer column is a plate column with 77 plates. The raw distillate is fed in about 2/3rds the way up (about plate 52). Hot water is fed to the column top, and steam is injected at the column bottom. The combination of hot water descending and injected steam ascending, allows a low strength watery solution (15% abv ethyl alcohol) to collect in the column bottom, in a sump or retort. This is further re-distilled as per normal two component distillation and a 94%+ clean demethylized product is recovered suitable for packaging and sale.
The higher overhead product remaining from the demethylizer column (the methanol / ethanol mixture) is collected separately for further processing and component recovery in subsequent distillations.
The hard way:
1) Distill the mixture on Vigreux column. As methanol has lower boiling point, the distillate will contain methanol-ethanol azeotrope whilst the bottom product will be ethanol with some methanol residue. Redistil the distillate until everything boils as one component.
2) Titrate the distillate with anhydrous calcium halide, such as CaCl2 or CaBr2. It will form a complex with methanol but not ethanol. Add in until the stuff begins to precipitate. Filtrate everything and collect both the liquid solution and the precipitate.
3) Do the same with the bottom product.
4) Combine the precipitate phases and heat them until they decompose. Collect the vapour with Liebig condenser. The condensed liquid ought to be almost pure anhydrous methanol.
5. Likewise, the bottom products (liquid phases) ought to be almost pure ethanol.
6) Check that the bottom product boils at 78.37 °C and the condensed distillate liquid at 64.7 °C.
The overall processing costs to produce a distillate acceptably or perhaps legally low in methanol, can be quite expensive.