how to explain prokariyotic to mam
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Pro means primitive and karyon means nucleus.
So basically a Prokaryotic cell is a cell that has primitive nucleus or in other words it has a nucleus without nuclear membrane which is called nucleoid.
Hope that helps you :-)
So basically a Prokaryotic cell is a cell that has primitive nucleus or in other words it has a nucleus without nuclear membrane which is called nucleoid.
Hope that helps you :-)
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Hello dear..........
ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴜɴɪᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʟᴀᴄᴋs ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs, ᴍɪᴛᴏᴄʜᴏɴᴅʀɪᴀ, ᴏʀ ᴀɴʏ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇ.
ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴏʀᴅ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴇs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴇᴇᴋ πρό (ᴘʀᴏ) "ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ" ᴀɴᴅ κάρυον (ᴋᴀʀʏᴏɴ) "ɴᴜᴛ ᴏʀ ᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ".
ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴs, ᴀʀᴄʜᴀᴇᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ. ɪɴ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀsᴛ, sᴘᴇᴄɪᴇs ᴡɪᴛʜ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇɪ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜɪʀᴅ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴ, ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴀ.
ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ʀᴇᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ғᴜsɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴇs. ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ʟɪᴠɪɴɢ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍsᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴛᴏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ʙᴇᴇɴ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs.
ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs, ᴀʟʟ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴛʀᴀᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ-sᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛs (ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs, ᴅɴᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʙᴏʟɪᴛᴇs) ᴀʀᴇ ʟᴏᴄᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍ ᴇɴᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ, ʀᴀᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ɪɴ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛs. ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ, ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴅᴏ ᴘᴏssᴇss ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴ-ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴄᴛ ᴀs ᴘʀɪᴍɪᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs ᴇɴᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴ sʜᴇʟʟs.
sᴏᴍᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴄʏᴀɴᴏʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ, ᴍᴀʏ ғᴏʀᴍ ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ᴄᴏʟᴏɴɪᴇs. ᴏᴛʜᴇʀs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴍʏxᴏʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ, ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ sᴛᴀɢᴇs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ʟɪғᴇ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇs.
ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴀʀ sᴛᴜᴅɪᴇs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴsɪɢʜᴛ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴛᴇʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴsʜɪᴘs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴs ᴏғ ʙɪᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ sᴘᴇᴄɪᴇs.
ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍs, ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴs, ᴡʜᴏsᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴀ ᴡᴇʟʟ ᴅᴇғɪɴᴇᴅ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs (ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴀʟ ᴅɴᴀ) ᴀɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs.
ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪsɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛs ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxɪsᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴠᴇʀʏ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.
ᴅɪsᴛɪɴᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇs ᴏғ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴇᴍᴏᴘʜɪʟᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴀɴᴏɢᴇɴs; ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴏɴ ɪɴ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴇᴍᴇ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛs
ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴜɴɪᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʟᴀᴄᴋs ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs, ᴍɪᴛᴏᴄʜᴏɴᴅʀɪᴀ, ᴏʀ ᴀɴʏ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇ.
ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴏʀᴅ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴇs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴇᴇᴋ πρό (ᴘʀᴏ) "ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ" ᴀɴᴅ κάρυον (ᴋᴀʀʏᴏɴ) "ɴᴜᴛ ᴏʀ ᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ".
ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴs, ᴀʀᴄʜᴀᴇᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ. ɪɴ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀsᴛ, sᴘᴇᴄɪᴇs ᴡɪᴛʜ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇɪ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜɪʀᴅ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴ, ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴀ.
ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ʀᴇᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ғᴜsɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴇs. ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ʟɪᴠɪɴɢ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍsᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴛᴏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ʙᴇᴇɴ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs.
ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs, ᴀʟʟ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴛʀᴀᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ-sᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛs (ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs, ᴅɴᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʙᴏʟɪᴛᴇs) ᴀʀᴇ ʟᴏᴄᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍ ᴇɴᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ, ʀᴀᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ɪɴ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛs. ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ, ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴅᴏ ᴘᴏssᴇss ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴ-ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴄᴛ ᴀs ᴘʀɪᴍɪᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs ᴇɴᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴ sʜᴇʟʟs.
sᴏᴍᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴄʏᴀɴᴏʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ, ᴍᴀʏ ғᴏʀᴍ ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ᴄᴏʟᴏɴɪᴇs. ᴏᴛʜᴇʀs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴍʏxᴏʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ, ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ sᴛᴀɢᴇs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ʟɪғᴇ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇs.
ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴀʀ sᴛᴜᴅɪᴇs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴsɪɢʜᴛ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴛᴇʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴsʜɪᴘs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ᴅᴏᴍᴀɪɴs ᴏғ ʙɪᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ sᴘᴇᴄɪᴇs.
ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍs, ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴs, ᴡʜᴏsᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴀ ᴡᴇʟʟ ᴅᴇғɪɴᴇᴅ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs (ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏsᴏᴍᴀʟ ᴅɴᴀ) ᴀɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs.
ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪsɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛs ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxɪsᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴠᴇʀʏ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.
ᴅɪsᴛɪɴᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇs ᴏғ ᴘʀᴏᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇs ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴇᴍᴏᴘʜɪʟᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴀɴᴏɢᴇɴs; ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴏɴ ɪɴ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴇxᴛʀᴇᴍᴇ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛs
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