how to find dipole moment bong order
Answers
Using a water molecule (H2O), it's possible to calculate the magnitude and direction of the dipole moment. By comparing the electronegativity values of hydrogen and oxygen, there is a difference of 1.2e for each hydrogen-oxygen chemical bond. Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, so it exerts a stronger attraction on the electrons shared by the atoms. Also, oxygen has two lone electron pairs. So, you know the dipole moment must point toward the oxygen atoms. The dipole moment is calculated by multiplying the distance between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms by the difference in their charge.
Then, the angle between the atoms is used to find the net dipole moment. The angle formed by a water molecule is known to be 104.5° and the bond moment of the O-H bond is -1.5D.
μ = 2(1.5)cos(104.5°/2) = 1.84 D