Question

how to find nucleotides?

Answer 1

 

Nucleotides: Their Synthesis and Degradation

 

Nucleotides: Nitrogenous base + pentose sugar + phosphate group(s)

     (1) The Nitrogenous Bases:

         Planar, aromatic, heterocyclic
        Structural derivatives of purine or pyrimidine
        Note that numbers on the atoms are "unprimed"
 
        The parent compounds are shown below:
                                                                             
                                                                                 
                                      
               
                The structures of the two most common purines are:
 
                                                
                                                                                     
                  The structures of the three most common pyrimidines are:
                                             
                                                             
 
               * Note: We will soon see other important purines and pyrimidines.

          (2) Sugars: D-ribose and 2'-deoxyribose

                Pentoses: 5-C sugars
                "Primes" refer to numbering of the atoms of the ribose 
                                        
 The "2'-deoxy-" notation means that there is no -OH group on the 2' carbon atom
                Purines bond to the C1' of the sugar at their N9 atoms
                Pyrimidines bond to the sugar C1' atom at their N1 atoms
 
                                                      
                                                                               
                   A "nucleoside" results from the linking of one of these 2 sugars  with one of the purine-  or  pyrimidine-derived bases through an N-glycosidic linkage.                 
                        The chemical bond linking them is an "N- glycosidic bond"
                                                            
                                                                
       (3) Phosphate Group(s)
            Mono-, di-, and triphosphates
            Phosphate can be bonded to either C3' or C5' atoms of sugar
                     A "nucleotide" is a 5'-phosphate ester of a nucleoside.
 
                                        
                                                                                             
            RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a polymer of ribonucleotides
            DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer of deoxynucleotides
            Deoxy- and ribonucleotides contain adenine, guanine and cytosine
            Ribonucleotides also contain uracil
            Deoxynucleotides also contain thymine
 
The Naming Conventions
There's a logic to the naming of the nucleosides and nucleotides, if you can remember a few rules.
            The purine NSs  end in "-sine" :   adenosine and guanosine
            The pyrimidine NSs end in "-dine" : cytidine, uridine, deoxythymidine
            To name the NTs, use the NS name, followed by "mono-", "di-" or "triphosphate":
                    adenosine monophosphate, guanosine triphosphate, deoxythymidine monophosphate
 
Nucleotides have a number of roles. Most notably they are  the monomers for nucleic acid polymers. Nucleoside triphosphates, like ATP and GTP, are energy carriers in metabolic pathways. Nucleotides are also components of some important coenzymes, like FAD, NAD+ and Coenzyme A.