How to find out bond pair and lone pair of a element?
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One way is to identify the central atom in the compound and hence find the number of sigma bonds it forms.
After that look for the lone pairs.
This may look like an orthodox approach but trust me after doing this for about 10–15 times it looks very easy..!!
Another approach is “Draw the structure of the compound”
For example : We have NH3 . The central atom is Nitrogen .
It forms three sigma bonds with hydrogen and has one lone pair .
Therefore it is sp3 hybridised .
By knowing the structure of the compound you can easily identify the bond pair and lone pairs in a compound. For example in NH3 there are three H attached to the central atom N and there is an extra pair of electrons which have not taken part in bonding, which is the lone pair. Again in H2O there are 2 H atoms attached to oxygen so there are 4 electrons left which forms two lone pairs. Moreover you can see it this way Lone Pair= (no of valance shell electrons of the central atom - no of electrons taken part in bonding)/2.
Hope this helps....
After that look for the lone pairs.
This may look like an orthodox approach but trust me after doing this for about 10–15 times it looks very easy..!!
Another approach is “Draw the structure of the compound”
For example : We have NH3 . The central atom is Nitrogen .
It forms three sigma bonds with hydrogen and has one lone pair .
Therefore it is sp3 hybridised .
By knowing the structure of the compound you can easily identify the bond pair and lone pairs in a compound. For example in NH3 there are three H attached to the central atom N and there is an extra pair of electrons which have not taken part in bonding, which is the lone pair. Again in H2O there are 2 H atoms attached to oxygen so there are 4 electrons left which forms two lone pairs. Moreover you can see it this way Lone Pair= (no of valance shell electrons of the central atom - no of electrons taken part in bonding)/2.
Hope this helps....
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