how to find primary sec tert alkyl hallides??
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Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides are determined by the number of adjacent carbons to the carbon the halide group is attached to (that's a mouthful, I know).
In the case of CH3-CH2Cl (chloroethane), the chlorine (halide) is attached to a carbon that is only attached to one other carbon. Because there is only one carbon bonded to the carbon that the chlorine is bonded to, it is a primary alkyl halide. Chloromethane, CH3Cl, is also a primary alkyl halide, even though there are no adjacent carbons attached to the carbon that the chlorine is bonded to. Primary alkyl halides can have either 0 or 1 adjacent carbon to the carbon attached to the halide group.
In CH3-CHCl-CH3 (2-chloropropane), the carbon that the chlorine is attached to is bonded directly to two carbons. This means that the molecule is a secondary alkyl halide.
With CH3-CCl(CH3)-CH3 (2-chloro-2-methylpropane), the carbon that the chlorine is attached to is bonded directly to 3 other carbons, making it a tertiary alkyl halide.
Why is it important, you may ask, to know this?
Well, in organic chemistry, the reaction mechanisms that are favourable and their rates can be theoretically determined using the degree of the alkyl halide (primary, secondary, or tertiary). The most basic of these is rge substitution reaction to become alcohols. Primary alkyl halides will undergo this substitution reaction slower than tertiary alkyl halides. Primary alkyl halides also react best in certain solvents that are polar aprotic, whereas tertiary alkyl halides react best in polar poetic solvents (for these substitution reactions).
In the case of CH3-CH2Cl (chloroethane), the chlorine (halide) is attached to a carbon that is only attached to one other carbon. Because there is only one carbon bonded to the carbon that the chlorine is bonded to, it is a primary alkyl halide. Chloromethane, CH3Cl, is also a primary alkyl halide, even though there are no adjacent carbons attached to the carbon that the chlorine is bonded to. Primary alkyl halides can have either 0 or 1 adjacent carbon to the carbon attached to the halide group.
In CH3-CHCl-CH3 (2-chloropropane), the carbon that the chlorine is attached to is bonded directly to two carbons. This means that the molecule is a secondary alkyl halide.
With CH3-CCl(CH3)-CH3 (2-chloro-2-methylpropane), the carbon that the chlorine is attached to is bonded directly to 3 other carbons, making it a tertiary alkyl halide.
Why is it important, you may ask, to know this?
Well, in organic chemistry, the reaction mechanisms that are favourable and their rates can be theoretically determined using the degree of the alkyl halide (primary, secondary, or tertiary). The most basic of these is rge substitution reaction to become alcohols. Primary alkyl halides will undergo this substitution reaction slower than tertiary alkyl halides. Primary alkyl halides also react best in certain solvents that are polar aprotic, whereas tertiary alkyl halides react best in polar poetic solvents (for these substitution reactions).
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