Question

How to find whether a molecule is electrovalent or covalent?

Answer 1

Electrovalent bonds. In formingelectrovalent bonds electrons are actually transferred from the outer orbit of one atom to the outer orbit of a second atom. In this process both atoms usually obtain completed outer orbits. For example, in sodium chloride the single electron in the outer orbit of the sodium atom is transferred to the outer orbit of the chlorine atom, completing its outer orbit. This leaves both the sodium and the chloride atoms with completed outer orbits. See Fig. 1. In this process the sodium atom becomes a sodium Na+ ion with a +1 charge and the chlorine atom becomes a chlorine Cl- ion with a -1 charge. These two ions are bound together into a molecule by the force of electrostatic attraction existing between two opposite charges.

Covalent bonds. In covalent bonds electrons are not transferred from one atom to another as in the electrovalent bond. Instead, two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other. Each of the two atoms contributes one of the electrons of the electron pair. Both electrons in the pair orbit both nuclei. This produces a bond between the two atoms. See Fig. 3 (a) for the covalent bond of hydrogen gas. By this process of sharing pairs of electrons, the atoms involved achieve completed outer orbits which provides them with chemical stability. The bonds of most common gases including hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), fluorine (F2), and chlorine (Cl2) have covalent bonds. The bonds in water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) are of the covalent type. 

Answer 2

Hey mate here is your answer:-


If the compound is formed by losing or gaining electrons it is called electrovalent bond

Whereas

If the compound is formed by sharing of electrons is called co-valent bond




Hope it helps you

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