Question

How to increase number of carbon in reactions organic chemistry?

Answer 1

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$<b><i><u>✔️$Homologation methods exist, but typically not for unbranched alkanes. A typical example is the Arndt-Eistert homologation of carboxylic acids.

✔️For simple unbranched alkanes, stepwise chain elongation is not a technical relevant process. On the contrary, petrochemical processes reach for the opposite (formation of smaller alkanes) by thermal or catalytical cracking.

✔️Formation of long chain alkanes, although not via subsequent step up reactions, is possible by catalytic oxidative dimerization of terminal alkynes (Glaser, Hay or Eglinton coupling) and subsequent hydrogenation or by Kolbe dimerization of carboxylic acids.

✔️Branched alkanes, such as triptane (2,2,3-trimethylbutane), which are interesting as 'anti-knocking' fuel additives, are another league. Here, the source of the methyl group to be transfered is methanol, catalysts are either zeolites or indium(III)-iodide (InI3) (DOI).