How to know that the base and acid is strong or weak?
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Determining if an acid is strong or weak by the formula is very specific. There’s no straightforward process for calculating this from a formula, so the way to go about this would be memorizing the small number of common strong acids and understanding that the rest are weak. A strong acid is normally defined as a chemical having a pKa <0. This includes:
Hydrogen bonded to a halogen (other than Fluorine) - HCl, HBr, HI
Protonated water (Hydronium), protonated alcohols, and protonated ketones, meaning they carry an extra hydrogen and a positive charge.
Sulfonic acids, and the odd one out, Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
It’s much easier to just learn these than to understand the bond physics that govern the acidity of compounds and analyze each compound by that framework… My apologies if I’ve left anything obvious out.
Hydrogen bonded to a halogen (other than Fluorine) - HCl, HBr, HI
Protonated water (Hydronium), protonated alcohols, and protonated ketones, meaning they carry an extra hydrogen and a positive charge.
Sulfonic acids, and the odd one out, Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
It’s much easier to just learn these than to understand the bond physics that govern the acidity of compounds and analyze each compound by that framework… My apologies if I’ve left anything obvious out.
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