How to learn socio economic development through agriculture?
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the growth of output per head of the population, and
(b) distinct changes in the structure of the economy under investigation. The first also
includes the distributive aspect of the total output, thus signifying economic progress.
The structural changes in the economy refer to the inter-sectoral shifts in the distribu-
tion of output and employment. While these changes may be sufficient to indicate eco-
nomic development in a particular economy, they do not explain the why and how of
the process itself.
The answers to these questions may be sought in the causes of such changes.1
While
formulating the general frame-work of the present study all these factors have been
taken into consideration. In fact, they indicate in abstract terms not only its scope but
also its limitations.
The present work could be conveniently divided in two parts. The first part, compris-
ing Chapters 1 and 2, is mainly theoretical. The second part, from Chapter 3 to 6, con-
sists of an empirical study of the Pakistan economy. The theoretical part attempts to
provide an analytical frame-work for the study of economic development in which the
role of agriculture is given the central place. In the empirical part, the attention is focus-
sed on (a) the basic features of the economy of Pakistan, with special reference to the
place of agriculture in the economic system, (b) some major causes of the backward-
ness of agriculture, (c) the role of the State in the development effort, and (d) the pros-
pects and problems of self-sustained growth during the next twenty years.
The starting premises of the theoretical explanation of economic development is the
characterisation of the structure of an underdeveloped economy. Here such an econo-
my is characterised by dualism, a concept which is specifically defined. The most im-
portant feature of this dualism lies in the preponderance of an agricultural sector which
shows hardly any sign of change. Since this stable equilibrium represents economic
stagnation, it has to be broken. Thus economic development requires the initiation of
growth-inducing forces in excess of growth-depressing ones. While both of these for-
ces are always present in any economic development begins if and only if
certain factors propitious to growth are generated.
(b) distinct changes in the structure of the economy under investigation. The first also
includes the distributive aspect of the total output, thus signifying economic progress.
The structural changes in the economy refer to the inter-sectoral shifts in the distribu-
tion of output and employment. While these changes may be sufficient to indicate eco-
nomic development in a particular economy, they do not explain the why and how of
the process itself.
The answers to these questions may be sought in the causes of such changes.1
While
formulating the general frame-work of the present study all these factors have been
taken into consideration. In fact, they indicate in abstract terms not only its scope but
also its limitations.
The present work could be conveniently divided in two parts. The first part, compris-
ing Chapters 1 and 2, is mainly theoretical. The second part, from Chapter 3 to 6, con-
sists of an empirical study of the Pakistan economy. The theoretical part attempts to
provide an analytical frame-work for the study of economic development in which the
role of agriculture is given the central place. In the empirical part, the attention is focus-
sed on (a) the basic features of the economy of Pakistan, with special reference to the
place of agriculture in the economic system, (b) some major causes of the backward-
ness of agriculture, (c) the role of the State in the development effort, and (d) the pros-
pects and problems of self-sustained growth during the next twenty years.
The starting premises of the theoretical explanation of economic development is the
characterisation of the structure of an underdeveloped economy. Here such an econo-
my is characterised by dualism, a concept which is specifically defined. The most im-
portant feature of this dualism lies in the preponderance of an agricultural sector which
shows hardly any sign of change. Since this stable equilibrium represents economic
stagnation, it has to be broken. Thus economic development requires the initiation of
growth-inducing forces in excess of growth-depressing ones. While both of these for-
ces are always present in any economic development begins if and only if
certain factors propitious to growth are generated.
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