how to make ammunition machine gun
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Small arms ammunition, or cartridges, are used in a variety of firearms ranging from pistols to rifles and shotguns to heavier automatic weapons sometimes called machine guns. The term "bullet" is commonly used to describe the cartridge, when in fact, it actually only refers to the projectile. The correct terminology for the cartridge components are bullet, case, primer, and propellant or gunpowder. Each component is manufactured separately and then assembled into the cartridge. Specifications for the size, shape, ignition type, and ballistic performance have been standardized for the majority of military and civilian ammunition, but there are many obsolete and one-of-a-kind "wildcat" cartridges still found. Small arms ammunition includes cartridges with a bullet diameter, or caliber, of up to 0.75 inch (.750 caliber). The bulk of the production is for cartridges with bullets of .45 caliber or smaller.
Until the 19th century, the only way to load a weapon was to first pour the powder into the barrel, then place a greased cloth patch around a lead bullet and ram the bullet down the barrel to the powder with the ramrod. A flintlock produced a small spark, or a percussion cap produced a small explosive flash to ignite the powder which fired the patched bullet. This was a very slow process and often produced an inaccurate shot. After repeated firing, the barrel became fouled with powder residue to the point that loading became impossible.
In the early 1800s, gun manufacturers realized that increased accuracy and rate of fire could only be achieved by redesigning the way the bullet, powder, and igniter were loaded into the weapon. The first successful new design was made in 1848 by Christian Sharps. His design utilized an opening, or breech, at the base of the barrel closest to the person firing the weapon. The breech could be manually closed to seal off the end. With Sharp's design, the bullet was loaded into the open breech, followed by a powder charge held in a paper bag. When the breech was closed, the bag was cut open. This exposed the powder which could then be ignited by the percussion cap.
In 1852, a cartridge with a metal case was developed by Charles Lancaster of England. It held the powder inside the case with the bullet on one end. About the same time, another Englishman, Colonel Boxer, and an American, Hiram Berdan, also developed a metal case cartridge that incorporated an igniter, or primer, inserted into the center of the base of the case. The primer contained a small amount of impactsensitive explosive that could be set off when struck by a pin—known as the firing pin—that was part of the weapon. The concept of the center-fire metal case cartridge developed by Boxer and Berdan has survived to the present day and is the basis for modern small arms ammunition design.