Question

How to reduce the formation of vortesx and boundaty layer seoperation?

Answer 1

AnswerGoldstein S. 1948On laminar boundary layer flow near a position of separation. Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 1, 43–69. (doi:10.1093/qjmam/1.1.43). Crossref, Google Scholar

2

Lighthill MJ. 1953On boundary layers and upstream influence. I. A comparison between subsonic and supersonic flows. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 217, 344–357. (doi:10.1098/rspa.1953.0067). Google Scholar

3

Lighthill MJ. 1953On boundary layers and upstream influence. II. Supersonic flows without separation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 217, 478–507. (doi:10.1098/rspa.1953.0075). Google Scholar

4

Stewartson K. 1969On the flow near the trailing edge of a flat plate – II. Mathematika 16, 106–121. (doi:10.1112/S0025579300004678). Crossref, Google Scholar

5

Messiter AF. 1970Boundary-layer flow near the trailing edge of a flat plate. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 18, 241–257. (doi:10.1137/0118020). Crossref, Google Scholar

6

Neiland VYa. 1969Theory of laminar boundary-layer separation in supersonic flow. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. MZhG 4, 33–35. (doi:10.1007/BF01094681). Google Scholar

7

Smith FT. 1977The laminar separation of an incompressible fluid streaming past a smooth surface. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 356, 443–463. (doi:10.1098/rspa.1977.0144). Link, Google Scholar

8

Smith FT. 1982On the high Reynolds number theory of laminar flows. IMA J. Appl. Math. 28, 207–281. (doi:10.1093/imamat/28.3.207). Crossref, ISI, Google Scholar

9

Stewartson K. 1974Multistructured boundary layers on flat plates and related bodies. Adv. Appl. Mech. 14, 145–239. (doi:10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70032-2). Crossref, Google Scholar

10

Doligalski TL, Smith CR& Walker JDA. 1994Vortex interactions with walls. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 26, 573–616. (doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.26.010194.003041). Crossref, Google Scholar

11

Affes H& Conlisk AT. 1993A model for rotor tip vortex–airframe interaction. Part 1: theory. AIAA J. 31, 2263–2273. (doi:10.2514/3.11924). Crossref, Google Scholar

12

Affes H, Conlisk AT, Kim JM& Komerath NM. 1993A model for rotor tip vortex–airframe interaction. Part 2: comparison with experiment. AIAA J. 31, 2274–2282. (doi:10.2514/3.11925). Crossref, Google Scholar

13

Affes H, Xiao Z& Conlisk AT. 1994The boundary-layer flow due to a vortex approaching a cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 275, 33–57. (doi:10.1017/S0022112094002272). Crossref, Google Scholar

14

Conlisk AT. 1997Modern helicopter aerodynamics. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 27, 515–567. (doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.29.1.515). Crossref, Google Scholar

15

Conlisk AT. 2001Modern helicopter rotor aerodynamics. Prog. Aero. Sci. 37, 419–476. (doi:10.1016/S0376-0421(01)00011-2). Crossref, Google Scholar

16

Moore FK. 1958On the separation of the unsteady laminar boundary layer. Boundary-layer research (ed & Görtler HG), pp. 296–310. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Google Scholar

17

Rott N. 1956Unsteady viscous flow in the vicinity of a stagnation point. Q. Appl. Math. 13, 444–451. Crossref, Google Scholar

18

Sears WR. 1956Some recent developments in airfoil theory. J. Aeronaut. Sci. 23, 490–499. (doi:10.2514/8.3588). Crossref, Google Scholar

19

Smith FT. 1986Steady and unsteady boundary layer separation. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 18, 197–220. (doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.18.010186.001213). Crossref, Google Scholar

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

Locate the intake penetration at least five times its inside diameter from the nearest reservoir wall, and no less than half its inside diameter, (but at least 100 mm or 4"), off the bottom.

Ensure the intake penetration always remains submerged by at least twice its inside diameter.