how to separate the components of a mixture containing sand common salt, and camphor
Answers
Answer:
AIM
To separate the components of a mixture of sand, common salt and ammonium chloride (or camphor) by sublimation.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Sand, common salt (NaCl), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or camphor, filter paper, funnel, china dish, tripod stand, wire gauze, beaker, glass rod, burner, cotton plug.
THEORY
In a mixture, the components retain their properties and can therefore, be separated by physical methods based upon their properties.
Camphor and ammonium chloride on heating directly convert into vapour. This is called sublimation. In contrast to this, sand and common salt do not sublime. So from a mixture, containing ammonium chloride (or camphor), common salt and sand, ammonium chloride (or camphor) can be easily separated by the process of sublimation. On heating ammonium chloride (or camphor) converts into vapour leaving behind the non-volatile components. On cooling the vapour of ammonium chloride (or camphor) changes into solid.
CBSE Class 9 Science Practical Skills - Separation of Mixture 8
Common salt is soluble in water but sand is not soluble in water.
When a mixture of common salt and sand in water is passed through filter paper, sand particle remain on the filter paper but other components of mixture i.e., common salt and water pass through filter paper.
From a solution of common salt in water, common salt can be obtained by evaporation.
For separation of different components of a mixture of ammonium chloride (or camphor) common salt and sand, methods of sublimation, Alteration and evaporation are applied.
PROCEDURE
A. Steps for separation of ammonium chloride:
Take the mixture of sand, ammonium chloride and common salt in a china dish and cover it with an inverted funnel.
CBSE Class 9 Science Practical Skills - Separation of Mixture 1
Plug the end of stero funnel with cotton.
Place the china dish over a tripod stand and heat it gently.
Observe the changes. It is observed that ammonium chloride undergoes sublimation, i.e. vapours of NH4C1 are formed which get condensed on the cooler sides of the funnel.
Scrap the condensed ammonium chloride from the inner walls of the funnel (see figure). The non-sublimed mixture contains sand and common salt which remain behind in the china dish.
CBSE Class 9 Science Practical Skills - Separation of Mixture 2
B. Steps for separation of Sand:
To the non-sublimate mixture add water.
Stir the mixture with a clean glass rod.
Filter the solution as shown in figure. Common salt solution is obtained as the filtrate, whereas sand is obtained as the residue on the filter paper.
CBSE Class 9 Science Practical Skills - Separation of Mixture 3
C. Steps for separation of common salt (sodium chloride):
Take the filterate in a china dish.
Evaporate the filtrate to dryness, where water evaporates leaving behind sodium chloride (common salt) in the china dish (see figure).
CBSE Class 9 Science Practical Skills - Separation of Mixture 4
RESULT
Sand, common salt and ammonium chloride mixture is separated by sublimation, Alteration and ‘ evaporation.
PRECAUTIONS
Heat ammonium chloride carefully as it is volatile.
Fix a cotton plug at the end of the funnel so that vapours of ammonium chloride do not escape.
Moisten the filter paper before filtering.
Wash your hands with soap after completing the experiment.
Explanation:
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