how to study motion in straight line physics chapter
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Motion
In our daily lives, we come across a lot of moving things. For example: a car passing through from one place to other, a person riding on a bicycle and many more instances like these. So, simply put, when an object changes its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called in motion. If this motion is linear, it is treated as a case of motion in a straight line.
More examples: Football on ground, rocks falling from a cliff, motion of moon around earth, a person inside a moving bus with respect to person outside the bus, bird flying in sky.
Rest
But when an object does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called at rest. Remember that rest and motion are relative states. It implies that any object that is at rest in one frame of reference can also be in motion in another frame of reference at the same time.
Point Mass Object
We can conclude that an object is considered as a point mass object, when the distance travelled by it in motion is huge in comparison to its dimensions.
Types of Motion
One Dimensional Motion
The motion is called one dimensional motion when only one out of the three coordinates that specify the position of the object changes with respect to time. For example, the motion of a block in a train along a straight track, a man walking on a leveled or narrow road and object falling under gravity, etc.
Two Dimensional Motion
When only two out of three coordinates which state the position of the object changes with respect to time, then the motion is known as two-dimensional motion. If we talk about circular motion, the it is an instance of two dimensional motion.
Three Dimensional Motion
The motion is called three dimensional motion when all the three coordinates which specify the position of the object changes with respect to time. Some examples of three dimension are a flying bird, kite, airplane or the random motion of gas molecules, etc.
Speed
Speed of an object can be described as the ratio of path length and the corresponding time taken by the object
i.e., Speed = Distance travelled/Time taken
Speed is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is ms‒1. Its dimensional formula is [ML1T‒1].
Various Types of Speeds
Uniform Speed
It can be concluded that an object is travelling with uniform speed when it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
Variable Speed
An object is defined as travelling with variable speed when it covers equal distances in unequal intervals of time.
Average Speed
The total path length travelled needs to be divided by the total time interval during which the motion has taken place for defining the average speed.
Average speed = (Total path length)/(Total time interval)
It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is ms‒1.
Let’s assume that a body covers distances S1, S2, S3… with speeds V1, V2, V3… respectively, in same direction then average speed is given by:
Vavg = {Total Distance Travelled}/{Total Time Taken} = {S1 + S2 + ….}/{(S1/ V1) + (S2/ V 2) +…}
Instantaneous Speed
The average velocity helps us know how fast an object has been moving over a given time interval. But it still does not tell us how fast it moves at different instants of time during that interval. For this, let’s define instantaneous.
v = Δx/Δt [where, Δt → 0]
⇒ v = dx/dt
Different Graphs of Motion
Distance Time Graphs
We can represent the change in the position of an object with time on the distance-time graph.
If you look at this graph, time is taken along the x-axis and distance is taken along the y-axis.
The Distance time graphs of a moving body is useful for calculating the speed of the body as they specially represent velocity.
The distance time graph for a body moving at uniform speed is always a straight line as distance travelled by the body is directly proportional to time as shown below in the
shows that the distance time graph for a body moving with non-uniform speed is a
Velocity time graphs
The variation in velocity with time for an object moving in a straight line can be represented by a velocity-time graph.
In this graph, time is given along the x-axis and the velocity is given along the y-axis.
The displacement of an object moving with uniform velocity can be given by the product of velocity and time. The area enclosed by velocity-time graph and the time axis will be equal to the magnitude of the displacement.
When a body is moving with a constant velocity, then the velocity time graph for this body is a straight line parallel to time axis as shown below in the figure 5.
The velocity time graph of uniformly changing velocity is shown in figure 6 and is a straight line
hope helps you ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
any doubt comments below
In our daily lives, we come across a lot of moving things. For example: a car passing through from one place to other, a person riding on a bicycle and many more instances like these. So, simply put, when an object changes its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called in motion. If this motion is linear, it is treated as a case of motion in a straight line.
More examples: Football on ground, rocks falling from a cliff, motion of moon around earth, a person inside a moving bus with respect to person outside the bus, bird flying in sky.
Rest
But when an object does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called at rest. Remember that rest and motion are relative states. It implies that any object that is at rest in one frame of reference can also be in motion in another frame of reference at the same time.
Point Mass Object
We can conclude that an object is considered as a point mass object, when the distance travelled by it in motion is huge in comparison to its dimensions.
Types of Motion
One Dimensional Motion
The motion is called one dimensional motion when only one out of the three coordinates that specify the position of the object changes with respect to time. For example, the motion of a block in a train along a straight track, a man walking on a leveled or narrow road and object falling under gravity, etc.
Two Dimensional Motion
When only two out of three coordinates which state the position of the object changes with respect to time, then the motion is known as two-dimensional motion. If we talk about circular motion, the it is an instance of two dimensional motion.
Three Dimensional Motion
The motion is called three dimensional motion when all the three coordinates which specify the position of the object changes with respect to time. Some examples of three dimension are a flying bird, kite, airplane or the random motion of gas molecules, etc.
Speed
Speed of an object can be described as the ratio of path length and the corresponding time taken by the object
i.e., Speed = Distance travelled/Time taken
Speed is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is ms‒1. Its dimensional formula is [ML1T‒1].
Various Types of Speeds
Uniform Speed
It can be concluded that an object is travelling with uniform speed when it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
Variable Speed
An object is defined as travelling with variable speed when it covers equal distances in unequal intervals of time.
Average Speed
The total path length travelled needs to be divided by the total time interval during which the motion has taken place for defining the average speed.
Average speed = (Total path length)/(Total time interval)
It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is ms‒1.
Let’s assume that a body covers distances S1, S2, S3… with speeds V1, V2, V3… respectively, in same direction then average speed is given by:
Vavg = {Total Distance Travelled}/{Total Time Taken} = {S1 + S2 + ….}/{(S1/ V1) + (S2/ V 2) +…}
Instantaneous Speed
The average velocity helps us know how fast an object has been moving over a given time interval. But it still does not tell us how fast it moves at different instants of time during that interval. For this, let’s define instantaneous.
v = Δx/Δt [where, Δt → 0]
⇒ v = dx/dt
Different Graphs of Motion
Distance Time Graphs
We can represent the change in the position of an object with time on the distance-time graph.
If you look at this graph, time is taken along the x-axis and distance is taken along the y-axis.
The Distance time graphs of a moving body is useful for calculating the speed of the body as they specially represent velocity.
The distance time graph for a body moving at uniform speed is always a straight line as distance travelled by the body is directly proportional to time as shown below in the
shows that the distance time graph for a body moving with non-uniform speed is a
Velocity time graphs
The variation in velocity with time for an object moving in a straight line can be represented by a velocity-time graph.
In this graph, time is given along the x-axis and the velocity is given along the y-axis.
The displacement of an object moving with uniform velocity can be given by the product of velocity and time. The area enclosed by velocity-time graph and the time axis will be equal to the magnitude of the displacement.
When a body is moving with a constant velocity, then the velocity time graph for this body is a straight line parallel to time axis as shown below in the figure 5.
The velocity time graph of uniformly changing velocity is shown in figure 6 and is a straight line
hope helps you ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
any doubt comments below
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If only one out of three coordinates specifying the position of the object changes with respect to time, then the motion is called one dimensional motion.
For instance, motion of a block in a straight line motion of a train along a straight track a man walking on a level and narrow road and object falling under gravity etc.
sorry because I can't draw diagram due net problem
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For instance, motion of a block in a straight line motion of a train along a straight track a man walking on a level and narrow road and object falling under gravity etc.
sorry because I can't draw diagram due net problem
HOPE IT HELPS YOU
MARK ME ON BRAINLIEST
vivek401:
mark me on brainliest plz
what did you mean
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