How to study the anomalous behaviour of water by using Hope's Apparatus
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The water molecule, consisting of 2 atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen forms a Mickey Mouse head-like structure such that the ears are the hydrogen atoms and the head is represented by the oxygen atom. The oxygen atom side of the molecule is slightly negative while the hydrogen atoms side has a slight positive charge. This makes the water molecules drawn towards each other forming hydrogen bonds. Upon freezing, the molecules set themselves in an arrangement that is very open in nature and contains more space than the water in the liquid state. Hence, water is said to expand on freezing and becomes less dense. On the other hand, it contracts on thawing, much unlike most other liquids.
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