How to study the anomalous behaviour of water by using Hope's apparatus?In short
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Answer:-
Anomalous expansion of water is an abnormal property of water whereby it expands instead of contracting when the temperature goes from 4°C to 0°C, and it becomes less dense. Normally, liquids contract on cooling & the density increases. However, water is special. It contracts when cooled, down to a temperature of 4°C but thereafter begins to expand as it reaches 0°C and turns into ice.
Water attains its maximum density at 4°C. This is caused by the hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atoms that are negatively charged and the hydrogen atoms that are positively charged, from two different molecules of water. The density of ice is lower, and so it floats on water. The density becomes less as it freezes because molecules of water normally form open crystal structures when in solid form. Water is denser than ice while almost all the other substances are denser in solid form than in liquid form.
Anomalous expansion of water is an
abnormal property of water where by
it expands instead of contracting
when the temperature goes from 4c to
0c and it became less dense