Question

how to understand properties of conductors in electrostatics

Answer 1

In static condition, a conductor neutral or charged, the electric field inside the conductor is zero everywhere. This is one of the defining properties of a conductor. We know that a conductor contains free electrons which, in the presence of an electric field, experience a drift or a force. Inside the conductor, the electrons distribute themselves in such a way that the final electric field at all points inside the conductor is zero