Science, asked by Candynath4780, 3 months ago

how to use gammarays to defuse touchbulb​

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Answered by Tanishabharti
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Gamma ray is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves and so imparts the highest photon energy. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted by radium. In 1903, Ernest Rutherford named this radiation gamma rays based on their relatively strong penetration of matter; in 1900 he had already named two less penetrating types of decay radiation (discovered by Henri Becquerel) alpha rays and beta rays in ascending order of penetrating power.

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Answered by sakash20207
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SectionsSHARE THIS CHAPTERDOWNLOAD FOR FREE

SectionsSHARE THIS CHAPTERDOWNLOAD FOR FREEAbstract

SectionsSHARE THIS CHAPTERDOWNLOAD FOR FREEAbstractGamma rays are high frequency electromagnetic radiation and therefore carry a lot of energy. They pass through most types of materials. Only an absorber such as a lead block or a thick concrete block can stop their transmission. In many alpha and beta transitions, the residual nucleus is formed in an excited state. The nucleus can lose its excitation energy and move to a “fundamental level” in several ways. (a) The most common transition is the emission of electromagnetic radiation, called gamma radiation. Very often the de-excitation occurs not directly between the highest level of the nucleus and its basic level, but by “cascades” corresponding to intermediate energies. (b) The gamma emission can be accompanied or replaced by the electron emission so-called “internal conversion”, where the energy excess is transmitted to an electron in the K, L or M shell. (c) Finally, if the available energy is greater than 2mec2 = 1022 keV, the excited nucleus can create a pair (e+, e−). The excess energy appears as a kinetic form. This internal materialization process is very rare. In this chapter we are presenting two applications of gamma rays: On the one hand, TL dosimeters and field gamma dosimetry are studied, a careful study of the correcting factors linked to the environmental and experimental conditions is performed. On the other hand, we are presenting a calculation method for controlling neutron activation analysis (NAA) experiments. This method consists of simulating the process of interaction of gamma rays induced by irradiation of various samples.

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