Question

how traits are transfered to the offspring

Answer 1

This happens because the chromosomes transfer the genes .

Answer 2

So basically each cell of yours (the somatic cells) have 46 chromosomes...23 from your mom and 23 from your dad.The chromosomes if you zoom into their structure are made up of helical double stranded DNA which are bound in a tight manner by histones and such protein.The chromosome have many loci ...or in simple terms special areas that have a specific pair of genes. Each pair of genes performs a specific function I.e.they code a specific protein for different traits.