Question

how was a making a global world began in previous age? ​

Answer 1

Answer:

The ‘age’ of global world does not equal to the ‘age’ of human history. From the perspective of Big History (Universal History, Megahistory), which is one of the most groundbreaking fields in historical research viewing the integrated history of Space, Earth, life and humanity on large-scale time spans using the multidisciplinary approach, as well as the co-evolution of inanimate and animate nature, and social systems, the global world emerged with the Big Bang (see Christian 2004). Focusing specifically on the ‘human’ global world, its age again is not equal to the age of humankind as a species. Indeed, throughout the early history humans dwelled in a number of separate societies, the vast majority of which hardly interacted with each other. In other words: there is a clear and long period between the global world and the ‘human’ global world. In our opinion, the ‘human’ global world emerged with the establishment of stable relationships and systematic interaction between societies (territories) which comprised the vast majority of the world population. From this perspective, the definition of the global world is close to that of the World-System, the largest ‘suprasocietal system’, which originated in the Middle East as a result of the Agrarian revolution and came to comprise the entire world through numerous cycles of expansion and consolidation. In the course of these cycles, the center of the World-System has repeatedly moved; for many centuries China played this role, then it shifted to Europe, and later, in the nineteenth century, to North America (see Grinin and Korotayev 2009: 131–133). Respectively, in order to determine the age of the global world, we can well rely on the following criteria developed in the framework of the world-system approach: • Generation and diffusion of innovations (Korotayev 2005, 2007); • Information networks (Chase-Dunn and Hall 1997); • Trade networks of luxury goods (Frank 1990; Frank and Gills 1993; Chase-Dunn and Hall 1997); • Military-Political Networks (Frank 1990; Frank and Gills 1993; Chase-Dunn and Hall 1997); • Trade networks of mass consumption goods (Wallerstein 1974, 1980, 1988, 2004).

Explanation: