how was indian economy affected by the great depression?
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The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India, which was then under the rule of the British Raj. The Government of British India adopted a protective trade policy which, though beneficial to the United Kingdom, caused great damage to the Indian economy. During the period 1929–1937, exports and imports fell drastically crippling seaborne international trade. The railways and the agricultural sector were the most affected.
Indian economy had been largely agricultural before and during the rule of the British. However, during British rule, there was a major shift from the growth of food grains to the cultivation of cash crops. This change was fostered by India's British rulers in order to provide for the textile mills in England, the most important of them being the cotton mills of Manchester and Lancashire which were fed with raw cotton produced in India. Since 1858, committees were established to investigate the possibility of cotton cultivation in India to provide raw materials for the mills in Lancashire. New technologies and industries were also introduced in India, albeit on a very small scale compared to developed nations of the world.
An estimate by Cambridge University historian Angus Maddison reveals that India's share of the world income fell from 22.6% in 1700, comparable to Europe's share of 23.3%, to a low of 3.8% in 1952. India's per-capita income for the year 1904 was ₤2.Most economists feel that this decline was due to a systematic exploitation of India's resources by its British rulers.[citation needed]
The sources of a nation's wealth are agriculture, commerce and manufactures, and sound financial administration. British rule has given India peace; but British administration has not promoted or widened these sources of national wealth in India
Romesh Chunder Dutt, India in the Victorian Age: An Economic History of the people, Preface, Pg ix.
Import duties on British goods were reduced following the 1879 famine. In 1882, apart from those on salt and liquor, all other import duties were abolished. Duties on cotton were revived in 1894 only to be removed once again in 1896
Indian economy had been largely agricultural before and during the rule of the British. However, during British rule, there was a major shift from the growth of food grains to the cultivation of cash crops. This change was fostered by India's British rulers in order to provide for the textile mills in England, the most important of them being the cotton mills of Manchester and Lancashire which were fed with raw cotton produced in India. Since 1858, committees were established to investigate the possibility of cotton cultivation in India to provide raw materials for the mills in Lancashire. New technologies and industries were also introduced in India, albeit on a very small scale compared to developed nations of the world.
An estimate by Cambridge University historian Angus Maddison reveals that India's share of the world income fell from 22.6% in 1700, comparable to Europe's share of 23.3%, to a low of 3.8% in 1952. India's per-capita income for the year 1904 was ₤2.Most economists feel that this decline was due to a systematic exploitation of India's resources by its British rulers.[citation needed]
The sources of a nation's wealth are agriculture, commerce and manufactures, and sound financial administration. British rule has given India peace; but British administration has not promoted or widened these sources of national wealth in India
Romesh Chunder Dutt, India in the Victorian Age: An Economic History of the people, Preface, Pg ix.
Import duties on British goods were reduced following the 1879 famine. In 1882, apart from those on salt and liquor, all other import duties were abolished. Duties on cotton were revived in 1894 only to be removed once again in 1896
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By the great depression Indian economy affected in many ways like:
1. Affect on Trade: The depression immediately affected indian trade. India's export and import nearly halved between 1928 and 1934.As International prices crashed , prices in india plunged.Between 1928 and 1934 wheat prices in india fell by about 50%.
2AFFECT ON FARMER: The fall in prices had a deep impact on the poor farmers.Through agricultural prices fell sharply, but the colonial govt. refused to pay any relief to the farmers in taxes.Peasants producing for the world were the worst hit.
3.AFFECT ON INDIAN FARMER:
1. Their indebtedness increased.
2. jute producers were worst affected
3. people were forced to sell their assets like gold and silver.
4.AFFECT ON URBAN INDIA :The Depression proved less grim for urban india . Because of falling prices those witn fixed income - say town -dwelling landowners , who recieved rents and middle class salaried employees - now found themselves better off.Everything could less.Industrial investment also grew as the govt. extended taxes protection to industries , under the preesure of nationalist opinion.
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1. Affect on Trade: The depression immediately affected indian trade. India's export and import nearly halved between 1928 and 1934.As International prices crashed , prices in india plunged.Between 1928 and 1934 wheat prices in india fell by about 50%.
2AFFECT ON FARMER: The fall in prices had a deep impact on the poor farmers.Through agricultural prices fell sharply, but the colonial govt. refused to pay any relief to the farmers in taxes.Peasants producing for the world were the worst hit.
3.AFFECT ON INDIAN FARMER:
1. Their indebtedness increased.
2. jute producers were worst affected
3. people were forced to sell their assets like gold and silver.
4.AFFECT ON URBAN INDIA :The Depression proved less grim for urban india . Because of falling prices those witn fixed income - say town -dwelling landowners , who recieved rents and middle class salaried employees - now found themselves better off.Everything could less.Industrial investment also grew as the govt. extended taxes protection to industries , under the preesure of nationalist opinion.
If you like so pls mark as brainliest
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