Question

how was indigo cultivated?

Answer 1

There were two main system of this cultivation -nij and ryoti.in nij cultivation planters grew crops on the land which they controlled. They either bught the land or rented it from zamindars. Whereas in ryoti system on the ryots land itself.

Answer 2

Indigo was produced from many plants throughout the history but the most famous indigo dye was produced from the plants of the genus Indigofera. One of those plants is Indigofera tinctoria which is native to India which was the earliest major center for production and processing of indigo dye.