Question

How was it concluded that genes are located on the chromosomes?

Answer 1

Key points:
Boveri and Sutton's chromosome theory of inheritance states that genes are found at specific locations on chromosomes, and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can explain Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Thomas Hunt Morgan, who studied fruit flies, provided the first strong confirmation of the chromosome theory.
Morgan discovered a mutation that affected fly eye color. He observed that the mutation was inherited differently by male and female flies.
Based on the inheritance pattern, Morgan concluded that the eye color gene must be located on the X chromosome.
Introduction
Where are genes found in a cell? Odds are, you've already heard the punchline: genes lie on chromosomes. You may have even have heard the second punchline, the one that ushered in the modern genetic era: genes are stretches of DNA that specify proteins.
However, these were not always things that you could look up on Khan Academy! When Gregor Mendel began studying heredity in 1843, chromosomes had not yet been observed under a microscope. Only with better microscopes and techniques during the late 1800s could cell biologists begin to stain and observe subcellular structures, seeing what they did during cell divisions (mitosis and meiosis).
Eventually, some scientists began to study Mendel’s long-ignored work and re-evaluate his model in terms of the behavior of chromosomes. Around the turn of the 20th century, the biology community started to make the first tentative connections between chromosomes, meiosis, and the inheritance of genes
1
1
start superscript, 1, end superscript.
The chromosome theory of inheritance
Who figured out that genes are on chromosomes? Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri generally get credit for this insight. Sutton, an American, studied chromosomes and meiosis in grasshoppers. Boveri, a German, studied the same things in sea urchins.
In 1902 and 1903, Sutton and Boveri published independent papers proposing what we now call the chromosome theory of inheritance. This theory states that individual genes are found at specific locations on particular chromosomes, and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can explain why genes are inherited according to Mendel’s laws
2
,
3

Answer 2

Gene are located in the chromosome