Question

how was it shown that atomic nuclei are positively charged?
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Answer 1

Answer:

Rutherford's gold foil experiment

Rutherford's gold foil experimentRutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus; the positively charged particles within the nucleus are called protons.

Answer 2

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Rutherford deduced that the atomic nucleus was positively charged because the alpha particles that he fired at the metal foils were positively charged, and like charges repel. ... In Rutherford's experiments most of the alpha particles passed straight through the foil without being deflected.

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