How was italy fraginented after unification?
Answers
Explanation:
Italian Unification or Italian Risorgimento, series of political and military events that resulted in a unified kingdom of Italy in 1861.
Italy was left completely fragmented by the settlements reached at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The Congress divided territory among the victors of the Napoleonic Wars, a conflict from 1799 to 1815 between France, led by Napoleon I, and a number of European nations. Many Italians had admired Napoleon for his victories over the Austrians, whom the Italians disliked, and for the republican ideas that took root in the parts of Italy controlled by the French during the Napoleonic Wars. The settlements reached at Vienna, however, restored Austrian domination of the peninsula, although the Kingdom of Sardinia recovered Piedmont (Piemonte), Nice, and Savoy and acquired Genoa.
Italy in 1815 faced three obstacles to unity. The first was the Austrian occupation of Lombardy (Lombardia) and Venice in the north and northeast of the Italian peninsula. The second was the Papal States, the principality under the sovereignty of the pope; the Papal States straddled the center of the peninsula, cutting the north off from the south. The third obstacle was formed by the existence of several independent states. On the French border was the Kingdom of Sardinia, also called Piedmont-Sardinia, which had slowly expanded since the Middle Ages and was the most advanced state in Italy. The Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the region called Piedmont in northwestern Italy and the island of Sardinia. The Kingdom of the two Sicilies occupied the southern half of the peninsula and the island of Sicily. Other small states were the duchies of Tuscany (Toscana), Parma, and Modena, all governed by relatives of the Habsburgs, the family that ruled Austria. In each of these states, the monarch exercised absolute powers of government.
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