Question

How was nationalism emerged in Europe ?

Answer 1

the ideological basis for the development of the modern nation-state. According to Leon Baradat, nationalism "calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state - a nation-state - to support those interests."[1] It was an important factor in the development of Europe. In the 19th century, a wave of romantic nationalism swept the European continent, transforming its countries. Some newly formed countries, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common "national identity". Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Nationalism was the ideological impetus that, over the century, transformed Europe. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self-determination and newly formed national governments. 
The French Revolution initiated the movement toward the modern nation-state and also played a key role in the birth of nationalism across Europe where radical intellectualswere influenced by Napoleon and the Napoleonic Code, an instrument for the political transformation of Europe. "Its twin ideological goals, nationalism and democracy, were given substance and form during the tumultuous events beginning at the end of the eighteenth century."[3] Revolutionary armies carried the slogan of "liberty, equality and brotherhood" and ideas of liberalism and national self-determinism. National awakening also grew out of an intellectual reaction to the Enlightenment that emphasized national identity and developed a romantic view of cultural self-expression through nationhood. The key exponent of the modern idea of the nation-state was the German G. W. Friedrich Hegel. He argued that a sense of nationality was the cement that held modern societies together in the age when dynastic and religious allegiance was in decline. In 1815, at the end of the Napoleonic wars, the major powers of Europe tried to restore the old dynastic system as far as possible, ignoring the principle of nationalityin favour of "legitimism", the assertion of traditional claims to royal authority. With most of Europe's peoples still loyal to their local province or city, nationalism was confined to small groups of intellectuals and political radicals. Furthermore, political repression, symbolized by the Carlsbad Decreespublished in Austria in 1819, pushed nationalist agitation underground.

Answer 2

Answer:

The growth of nationalism in Europe was influenced by several elements, including shared racial and linguistic heritage, religious beliefs, aspirations, and goals. Additionally, a shared past and legacy in Europe gave rise to nationalism. People were taken advantage of by kings, landowners, clergy, nobles, etc.

Explanation:

The rise of nationalism in Europe, where radical intellectuals were influenced by Napoleon and the Napoleonic Code, an instrument for the political transformation of Europe, was made possible by the French Revolution, which started the push toward the modern nation-state. The British government, as well as the writers and intellectuals of the era, actively encouraged the early growth of a popular patriotic nationalism in the middle of the 18th century.

Nationalists laboriously created and widely embraced national anthems, symbols, myths, flags, and stories.

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