how was the hypothesis tested
Answers
Answer:
Hypothesis testing is used to assess the plausibility of a hypothesis by using sample data. The test provides evidence concerning the plausibility of the hypothesis, given the data. Statistical analysts test a hypothesis by measuring and examining a random sample of the population being analyzed.
Answer:
Hypothesis testing is an act in statistics whereby an analyst tests an assumption regarding a population parameter. The methodology employed by the analyst depends on the nature of the data used and the reason for the analysis.
Hypothesis testing is used to assess the plausibility of a hypothesis by using sample data. Such data may come from a larger population, or from a data-generating process. The word "population" will be used for both of these cases in the following descriptions.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Hypothesis testing is used to assess the plausibility of a hypothesis by using sample data.
The test provides evidence concerning the plausibility of the hypothesis, given the data.
Statistical analysts test a hypothesis by measuring and examining a random sample of the population being analyzed.
How Hypothesis Testing Works
In hypothesis testing, an analyst tests a statistical sample, with the goal of providing evidence on the plausibility of the null hypothesis.
Statistical analysts test a hypothesis by measuring and examining a random sample of the population being analyzed. All analysts use a random population sample to test two different hypotheses: the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
The null hypothesis is usually a hypothesis of equality between population parameters; e.g., a null hypothesis may state that the population mean return is equal to zero. The alternative hypothesis is effectively the opposite of a null hypothesis; e.g., the population mean return is not equal to zero. Thus, they are mutually exclusive, and only one can be true. However, one of the two hypotheses will always be true.
Four Steps of Hypothesis Testing
All hypotheses are tested using a four-step process:
The first step is for the analyst to state the two hypotheses so that only one can be right.
The next step is to formulate an analysis plan, which outlines how the data will be evaluated.
The third step is to carry out the plan and physically analyze the sample data.
The fourth and final step is to analyze the results and either reject the null hypothesis, or state that the null hypothesis is plausible, given the data.
Real-World Example of Hypothesis Testing
If, for example, a person wants to test that a penny has exactly a 50% chance of landing on heads, the null hypothesis would be yes, and the alternative hypothesis would be no (it does not land on heads). Mathematically, the null hypothesis would be represented as Ho: P = 0.5. The alternative hypothesis would be denoted as "Ha" and be identical to the null hypothesis, except with the equal sign struck-through, meaning that it does not equal 50%.
A random sample of 100 coin flips is taken, and the null hypothesis is then tested. If it is found that the 100 coin flips were distributed as 40 heads and 60 tails, the analyst would assume that a penny does not have a 50% chance of landing on heads and would reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis.