how was the ideology of liberalism allied with national unity in early 19th century in europe? explain three point
Answers
(i) Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before law.
(ii) It emphasized on the concept of government by consent.
(iii) It stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges.
(iv) It believed in a constitution and representative government through Parliament.
(v) It emphasized the inviolability of private property.
Answer:
Since 1848 , the ideologies of liberalism were closely allied with the ideas of nationalism like free and fair election, freedom, equality of all, government by consent of people, end of state imposed restrictions on trade and market, free and fair market, etc.
That is why in 1848, middle class educated elites like professor, businessmen, teachers, etc. led a revolution which is also called as the Liberal Revolution of 1848.
Ideologies supported by the Liberals :
• Political - Their demand was mainly, Constitution with national unification - a nation state with a written Constitution and parliamentary administration. They wanted to abolish class based partialities and birth rights from the society. Their national goal was to abolish serfdom and pursue equality. Another significant concept of Liberalism was 'the right to property', which was important to build a nation based on political, social and economic freedom.
• Social - Primary aim of liberals was to establish freedon for the individual and equality of all before law. It believed that the government should be formed with the consent of people. It was against autocracy and favoured a Constitution and representative government through parliament. During that time property owning men only had the right to vote and get elected and women were also considered subject of right by fathers and husband. This led to rise of revolution of women and non-propertied men and women.
• Economic - Liberals urged to the end of state interference in economic life of society. They fought for the freedom of markets and abolition of state imposed restrictions on movement of goods and capital. In 1834 a custom union, Zollverein was formed by Prussia and German states. The union abolished tariff barriers.