Question

how was the mahalwari system diffrent from pamanent settlement

Answer 1

Under the Permanent Settlement the revenue was fixed or decided as per the land holdings of the peasants; In Mahalwari system revenue was to be paid by village known as mahal. ... But in Mahalwari System the revenue was to be revised periodically. In Permanent Settlement the zamindars collected the revenue.

Answer 2

Mahalwari Settlement The mahalwari system was devised by Holt Mackenzie. It was promulgated in 1822, in the North Western provinces of the Bengal Presidency. This system was devised as an alternative to the Permanent Settlement as the British felt that the revenues could not be fixed permanently at a time when more money was required to meet the expenses of administration and trade. The village headmen were in charge of collecting revenue. The revenue amount was not fixed, and was to be revised periodically. The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that each village or mahal had to pay. Permanent Settlement The permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. It was aimed at ensuring stable revenue for the East India Company and encouraging zamindars to invest in improving the land. The rajas and taluqdars were in charge of collecting revenue. The revenue amount was fixed and was never to be increased in the future.